| Source model | Open source | Open source | Closed source | Open source | Closed source | Open source | Open source | Open source | Closed source | Closed source | Closed source |
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| License | Apache-2.0 | Apache-2.0 | EULA | BSD-2-Clause | Per-device license levels | GPL and others | GPL | GPLv2 / LGPLv2 | Free home-use license | Proprietary | Proprietary |
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| Base OS | FreeBSD 16 | FreeBSD | FreeBSD | FreeBSD (formerly HardenedBSD) | Linux-based | Linux | Linux | Linux (Debian) | — | — | FortiOS |
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| Packet filter | pf | pf | pf | pf | RouterOS firewall | nftables (firewall4) | Linux netfilter | Linux netfilter | — | — | FortiOS |
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| Cost | Free | Free | From $129 per instance per year on your own hardware; included with Netgate appliances | Free; optional Business Edition subscription | Included with MikroTik hardware; CHR VM: free tier capped at 1 Mbps upload, paid tiers $45–$250 | Free | Free | Rolling images free; LTS images by subscription | Free for home use; limited to 4 CPU cores | Hardware purchase | Appliance or VM license plus FortiGuard subscriptions |
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| Vendor account needed | No | — | — | No | For CHR trials | No | No | For LTS images | — | — | FortiCare account for the VM trial |
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| Runs on | Your x86-64 hardware, VMs, cloud images (arm64 in Development) | Your x86-64 hardware | Netgate appliances, your x86-64 hardware, AWS, Azure | Your x86-64 hardware, Deciso appliances | MikroTik hardware, Cloud Hosted Router (VM) | About 2,000 consumer routers, x86, ARM boards | Your x86-64 hardware, ARM boards | Your x86-64 hardware, VMs, cloud | A dedicated Intel-compatible PC | Ubiquiti gateways and consoles only | Fortinet appliances, VMs, cloud |
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| REST API | Built in, with API Explorer | Third-party package | — | Built in | Built in (RouterOS v7) | — | — | Built in (HTTP API) | — | — | Built in |
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| WireGuard | Package | Package | Package | Built in | Built in (RouterOS v7) | Package | Built in | Built in | — | Built in (server) | — |
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| IDS / IPS | Suricata package | Snort / Suricata packages | Snort / Suricata packages | Suricata, built in | — | — | Suricata, built in | — | Built in | Built in | Built in (FortiGuard subscription) |
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| High availability | CARP | CARP, two-node clusters | CARP, two-node clusters | CARP | VRRP | — | — | VRRP | — | — | Built in |
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| Central management | Fleet (1.2 Development, experimental), free and built in | No (Nexus is for pfSense Plus) | Netgate Nexus, licensed per managed device | OPNcentral (Business Edition) | — | — | — | — | Sophos Central | UniFi Site Manager, no license fee | FortiManager / FortiManager Cloud |
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| Central management runs | On a FreeSense system you run; no cloud service | — | Nexus controller on a pfSense Plus host (25.07 or later) | OPNcentral plugin on an OPNsense system | — | — | — | — | Sophos Central, hosted by Sophos; cannot run on-premises | UniFi Site Manager at unifi.ui.com, signed in with a UI account | FortiManager, or FortiManager Cloud through FortiCloud |
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| Commercial support | Community only | Paid support is for Plus | Netgate TAC (Lite, Pro, Enterprise) | Deciso and partners | MikroTik and consultants | Community | Community | VyOS Networks subscriptions | Community forum only | Ubiquiti | Fortinet and partners |
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| Public CI builds | Yes, public and signed | — | No | — | No | — | — | — | No | No | No |
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